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Roxee Medication Guide

Levetiracetam

Medication reference facts with explicit FDA-approval, off-label, source-limited, and safety context. Roxee does not sell, prescribe, or dispense medications.

Both Reference partial Not FDA-approved for animals AX Pharmaceutical Corp Official label facts Owner quick guide first

Veterinary professional?

Showing simplified owner view. Switch to Vet View for full technical detail.

Data freshness

Reference facts
Reference refreshed
Aug 6, 2026, 7:47 p.m.

Roxee has a partial reference profile for this medication. Some primary facts still need verification.

FDA applications
FDA application data refreshed
Aug 6, 2026, 7:47 p.m.

Sponsor, product, and application records imported from Animal Drugs @ FDA.

Safety reports
Safety data refreshed
Aug 6, 2026, 7:49 p.m.

openFDA reaction terms and case summaries are supporting evidence, not proof of causality.

Source timing details
Source timing details
  • Reference facts: Source Roxee | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:47 PM UTC
    The reference fact projection used for browse cards and quick facts.
  • Animal Drug Product Listing Directory (NDC): Source FDA | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:47 PM UTC
    Package/product NDCs from FDA’s electronic listing directory (XLS).
  • openFDA reaction terms: Source FDA openFDA | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:52 PM UTC
  • openFDA case summaries: Source FDA openFDA | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:52 PM UTC
Illustration placeholder
Levetiracetam

Levetiracetam

Drug type: Generic ingredient • Branded profile Not FDA-approved for animals

Both 85% reference complete

Species: Both

Approval status: Not FDA-approved as an animal drug. No FDA-approved animal-drug application is linked for this record. It may represent extra-label, human-drug, bulk-compounding, export-only, or otherwise unapproved animal-use source data; use only under veterinarian direction.

Medication Snapshot

Merged from the current Roxee medication system with field-level provenance, freshness, and completeness tracking.

Levetiracetam

Anti-seizure medication used as monotherapy or adjunct therapy. Species commonly shown: Both.

Generic name
Levetiracetam
Brand names
AX Pharmaceutical Corp, Levetiracetam, X
Manufacturer
AX Pharmaceutical Corp
Species
Both
Completeness
85%
Validation
Incomplete
Brand names
AX Pharmaceutical Corp Levetiracetam X

Indications / Uses

Anti-seizure medication used as monotherapy or adjunct therapy.

Administration / How To Give

Oral

Storage

Store at room temperature.

Warnings / Contraindications

Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease.

  • Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease.

Side Effects

Sedation, ataxia; generally well tolerated.

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Pet Owner Quick Guide

Start here first for the safest next-step summary before the deeper medication detail.

Used for:

Anti-seizure medication used as monotherapy or adjunct therapy.

Dosing note:

Exact dosing depends on your pet's species, weight, and health status. Use your veterinarian's instructions for the exact dose and schedule.

What to watch for:

  • Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease
  • wobbly/unsteady walking (1 reports)
  • Loss of appetite (1 reports)
  • Death by euthanasia (1 reports)

When to call the vet:

  • Repeated vomiting or diarrhea.
  • Severe lethargy (hard to wake, very low energy).
  • Collapse or fainting.
  • Trouble breathing.
  • Facial swelling or hives.
  • Blood in vomit or stool.

What to tell or ask your vet today:

  • Is this medicine the right fit for my pet’s current symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should call back right away?
  • How should I handle missed doses or refusal to take the medicine?

Next actions

Research brief

Medication Research Insights

A source-aware map of what to know, what is uncertain, and what to verify with your veterinarian.

Source Backed Signals

What to know

Evidence-backed context Limited

Roxee has limited cited overview evidence for Levetiracetam; use the official documents and your veterinarian's instructions for product-specific decisions.

Source: openFDA case USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-054141
Safety signal coverage Reported signals

32 tracked reaction signals; 32 reported cases; 31 serious reports; 2 species groups. These are reporting and label-derived signals for interpretation with a veterinarian.

Source: openFDA case USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-054141
Interpretation guardrail Not causation

Adverse-event reports help form a watch list, but they do not prove the medication caused the reaction and they are not a risk ranking between medications.

Evidence tension

Stronger signal Label / review

Official labels, package inserts, and reviewed summaries carry more weight than isolated reports.

Source: openFDA case USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-054141
Weaker signal Reported data

Case reports and openFDA terms are useful for pattern awareness, but they are incomplete, can include multiple exposures, and do not estimate an individual pet's probability of harm.

Reaction signal map

Most reported reactions Top terms

Unsteady walking (ataxia) (1 reports), Loss of appetite (1 reports), Death by euthanasia (1 reports), Death (1 reports), Deafness NOS (1 reports)

Body systems represented Signal grouping

Digestive (2), Neurologic (3), Behavior (3), Other (24)

Explore supporting adverse reports

Species and breed lens

Species represented in reports Species lens

Dog (17 reports), Cat (15 reports)

Breed metadata in reports Metadata only

Domestic Shorthair (2), Crossbred Canine/dog (1), ['Boxer (German Boxer)', 'Dog (unknown)'] (1), Bulldog - English (1). These are report metadata, not proof that a breed is at higher risk.

What your vet may verify

Fit for this patient Vet check

Verify whether Levetiracetam fits the pet's species, current diagnosis, age, weight, organ status, pregnancy/lactation status, and concurrent medications.

Evidence limitations Evidence review

Separate label-backed warnings from adverse-event reports and owner observations before changing the plan.

What to watch next

Watch list Owner-safe

Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease, wobbly/unsteady walking, Loss of appetite, Death by euthanasia

Call sooner if Escalation

Repeated vomiting or diarrhea. Severe lethargy (hard to wake, very low energy). Collapse or fainting.

Bottom line: Use this Levetiracetam brief as a structured watch list and source map, not as a reason to start, stop, or change treatment without your veterinarian.
Vet source depth
  1. openFDA case USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-054141 · adverse_reaction · adverse reactions
  2. Medication contraindications · safety_warning · warnings contraindications
  3. Structured Product Label · document · documents
  4. Structured Product Label · document · documents
  5. Structured Product Label · document · documents
  6. Structured Product Label · document · documents

Evidence

Review status / Updated / Sources

Review status: Clinical reviewer not listed

Updated: April 15, 2026, 10:04 AM UTC

Safety & side effects

Side effects to monitor:

  • Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease
  • wobbly/unsteady walking
  • Loss of appetite
  • Death by euthanasia

Most reported reactions:

  • Unsteady walking (ataxia) (1 reports)
  • Loss of appetite (1 reports)
  • Death by euthanasia (1 reports)
Explore reported case details

Emergency warning signs:

  • Repeated vomiting or diarrhea.
  • Severe lethargy (hard to wake, very low energy).
  • Collapse or fainting.
  • Trouble breathing.

Vet Fast Scan

Source-backed clinical checkpoints for quick review.

FDA-labeled species
Not linked yet
Indication / use
Anti-seizure medication used as monotherapy or adjunct therapy.
Form / route / dose
Confirm product label and patient-specific plan.
Warnings
  • High: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease.
Adverse-event caveat
openFDA adverse-event cases are reported signals. They are not verified, do not prove causation, and do not estimate a pet's individual risk.
Source docs

Quick Facts

Official label facts first, then secondary summaries. Marketing content is separated below.

Species: Both
Manufacturer: AX Pharmaceutical Corp
Identifiers:
NDC Package: 62157-130-01 NDC Package: 62157-400-01 NDC Package: 62157-697-01 NDC Package: 73377-029-01 NDC Package: 73377-029-02 NDC Package: 73377-029-03 NDC Package: 73377-029-04 NDC Product: 62157 NDC Product: 73377

Warnings / Contraindications

Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease.

  • High: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease.
Source metadata:

Adverse Reactions

Snapshot first, detailed rows second. This section summarizes signal data and is not a diagnosis.

Reported case explorer

Filter stored openFDA reports by pet and report attributes. Counts describe reports in this data set, not risk.

Clear filters
openFDA adverse-event cases are reported signals. They are not verified, do not prove causation, and do not estimate a pet's individual risk.
Stored reports
18
Matching reports
18
Active filters
0
Reset
Showing up to 50 matching reports.

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-013927

Received 2026-03-24 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
Crossbred Canine/dog
Size / weight
Under 10 lb (3.68 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (12.41 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Deafness NOSVocalisationBehavioural disorder NOSBarking
Body systems
OtherBehavior
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-012878

Received 2026-03-16 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
['Boxer (German Boxer)', 'Dog (unknown)']
Size / weight
50-99 lb (24.494 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (8 Year)
Sex
Female Unknown
Region
USA
Reactions
Seizure NOSDeath
Body systems
NeurologicOther
Outcomes
Died

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-012599

Received 2026-03-12 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
Bulldog - English
Size / weight
50-99 lb (22.68 Kilogram)
Age
4-7 years (4 Year)
Sex
Female Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Head tremorFly biting behaviourLack of efficacy - NOSPolydipsiaPruritusPolyuriaPyodermaElevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)Urinary tract infectionProteinuriaHaematuria
Body systems
NeurologicBehaviorEffectivenessOtherSkin & allergy
Outcomes
Outcome Unknown

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-013958

Received 2026-03-10 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
['Ridgeback - Rhodesian', 'Dog (unknown)']
Size / weight
50-99 lb (34.019 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (11 Year)
Sex
Female Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Hind limb paralysisAnorexiaIncreased drinkingDeath by euthanasia
Body systems
OtherDigestive
Outcomes
Euthanized

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-011839

Received 2026-03-10 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
['Terrier - Bull - American Pit', 'Rottweiler']
Size / weight
50-99 lb (31.751 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (15.6 Year)
Sex
Male Intact
Region
USA
Reactions
Seizure NOSUnable to walkFallingCollapse of legFoam in the mouthStiffness NOSIntentional misuseObtundedWeaknessDysphoriaLoss of vision
Body systems
NeurologicOther
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-009771

Received 2026-03-02 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Cat
Breed
Domestic Shorthair
Size / weight
10-24 lb (5.44 Kilogram)
Age
4-7 years (4 Year)
Sex
Female Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in Neurological)AnorexiaAnuriaAdipsiaSeizure NOSDeathConstipationStaringHead twitching
Body systems
NeurologicDigestiveOtherSkin & allergy
Outcomes
Died

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-005984

Received 2026-02-03 · MSK · MSK

Non-serious
Species
Dog
Breed
Pug
Size / weight
10-24 lb (9.2 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (12 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Lack of response to ownerMalaiseHearing affectedEar discharge
Body systems
Other
Outcomes
Recovered/Normal

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-008917

Received 2026-01-29 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Cat
Breed
Domestic Shorthair
Size / weight
10-24 lb (6.53 Kilogram)
Age
1-3 years (1.33 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
PtyalismTremorSeizure NOSAggressionLeukocytosis NOSNeutrophiliaEosinopeniaHypernatraemiaElevated cholesterol (total)Eyes rolling backHyperactivityElevated haematocritDisorientationUrinary tract obstruction/blockageAnaemia NOSOther abnormal test result NOSMydriasisActing tenseMental confusionTwitchingBradycardiaDecreased heart rateBehavioural disorder NOSHaematuriaProteinuria
Body systems
OtherNeurologicBehaviorSkin & allergy
Outcomes
Outcome Unknown

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-002123

Received 2026-01-22 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Cat
Breed
Domestic Mediumhair
Size / weight
Under 10 lb (3.5 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (1 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Seizure NOSTwitching
Body systems
NeurologicSkin & allergy
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-003253

Received 2026-01-16 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Cat
Breed
Domestic Shorthair
Size / weight
10-24 lb (6.53 Kilogram)
Age
1-3 years (1.33 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
PtyalismTremorSeizure NOSAggressionLeukocytosis NOSNeutrophiliaEosinopeniaHypernatraemiaElevated cholesterol (total)Eyes rolling backHyperactivityElevated haematocritDisorientationUrinary tract obstruction/blockageAnaemia NOSOther abnormal test result NOSMydriasisActing tenseMental confusionTwitchingBradycardiaDecreased heart rateBehavioural disorder NOSHaematuriaProteinuria
Body systems
OtherNeurologicBehaviorSkin & allergy
Outcomes
Outcome Unknown

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-075227

Received 2025-12-19 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
Dog (other)
Size / weight
25-49 lb (21.32 Kilogram)
Age
1-3 years (1.5 Year)
Sex
Female Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Seizure NOSBlindnessAsphyxiaDeath
Body systems
NeurologicOther
Outcomes
Died

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-074272

Received 2025-12-18 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
['Terrier (unspecified)', 'Dog (unknown)']
Size / weight
10-24 lb (9.072 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (14 Year)
Sex
Male Intact
Region
USA
Reactions
DeathSeizure NOSRenal failureAnaemia NOSAnorexiaSleepiness - systemic disorderConfusionShakingUnable to riseBumping into wallsCorneal ulcerIncreased drinkingSquintingOcular dischargeBiting -aggression (see also Skin and appendages disorders)Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Medication error NOSGeneral illness
Body systems
OtherNeurologicDigestiveBehavior
Outcomes
Died

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-074340

Received 2025-12-16 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
Terrier - Boston
Size / weight
10-24 lb (10.886 Kilogram)
Age
1-3 years (3 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Seizure NOS
Body systems
Neurologic
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-072782

Received 2025-12-10 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
['Shepherd (unspecified)', 'Dog (unknown)']
Size / weight
25-49 lb (22.498 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (11 Year)
Sex
Female Unknown
Region
USA
Reactions
Vestibular disorder NOSWobblinessHorizontal nystagmusHead tilt - neurological disorder (see also Head tilt - ear disorder)NauseaVomitingLack of efficacy - NOSOverdose
Body systems
OtherNeurologicDigestiveEffectiveness
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-071447

Received 2025-12-08 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
Shiba Inu
Size / weight
25-49 lb (14.4 Kilogram)
Age
4-7 years (6 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Increased seizure frequency
Body systems
Neurologic
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-073128

Received 2025-12-05 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Cat
Breed
Domestic Mediumhair
Size / weight
10-24 lb (4.536 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (17 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Medication error NOSSkin lesion NOSDermatitisVomiting
Body systems
OtherDigestive
Outcomes
Ongoing

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-071469

Received 2025-12-05 · MSK · MSK

Serious
Species
Dog
Breed
['Hound - Basset', 'Collie (unspecified)']
Size / weight
50-99 lb (27.488 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (11 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Seizure NOS
Body systems
Neurologic
Outcomes
Recovered/Normal

USA-USFDACVM-2025-US-066416

Received 2025-10-28 · MSK · MSK

Non-serious
Species
Cat
Breed
Domestic Mediumhair
Size / weight
10-24 lb (5 Kilogram)
Age
8+ years (14.6 Year)
Sex
Male Neutered
Region
USA
Reactions
Not eatingLimpingLow sodium-potassium ratio (Na:K ratio)Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Gait abnormalityHard stoolSkin inflammation NOSArthritisSwelling NOS
Body systems
OtherSkin & allergy
Outcomes
Ongoing

Tap or hover a reaction to see what it means in plain language.

Tracked signals
32
Reported cases
32
Serious reports
31
Species represented
2
Grouped by Body System
Digestive (2) · Loss of appetite, Bloody diarrhoea Neurologic (3) · Unsteady walking (ataxia), Circling - neurological disorder, Cerebellar ataxia Behavior (3) · Biting -aggression, Behavioral disorder (unspecified), Aggression Other (24) · Death by euthanasia, Death, Deafness NOS
Most Reported Reactions
Reaction Body system Cases Species Serious cases
Neurologic 1 Cat 1
Digestive 1 Dog 1
Other 1 Dog 1
Other 1 Cat 1
Other 1 Dog 1
Other 1 Dog 1
Other 1 Cat 1
Other 1 Cat 1

Species coverage: Dog (17) Cat (15)

View detailed reaction table
Reaction Body system Species Seriousness Frequency Reports
Neurologic Cat Serious - 1
Digestive Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Neurologic Cat Serious - 1
Neurologic Cat Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Digestive Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Behavior Dog Serious - 1
Behavior Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Cat Non-serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Behavior Cat Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Cat Serious - 1
Other Dog Serious - 1
Source metadata:

Storage & Handling

Store at room temperature.

Source Documents

The most useful source links appear first; full previews and metadata stay in the veterinary/professional layer.

Use original documents to confirm product-specific warnings, ingredients, and handling details with your veterinarian.

Full source previews and metadata remain in the veterinary/professional layer.

Owner handouts

0
No owner handouts linked yet.

Official label / PI

0
No official label or package insert links yet.

SPL

4

FOI

0
No FOI links yet.

Levetiracetam SPL

SPL · Structured Product Label

FDA Structured Product Label XML for Levetiracetam. Use the source link for the full official labeling record.

X SPL

SPL · Structured Product Label

FDA Structured Product Label XML for X. Use the source link for the full official labeling record.

X SPL

SPL · Structured Product Label

FDA Structured Product Label XML for X. Use the source link for the full official labeling record.

AX Pharmaceutical Corp SPL

SPL · Structured Product Label

FDA Structured Product Label XML for AX Pharmaceutical Corp. Use the source link for the full official labeling record.
Veterinary reference (advanced)

Canonical medication sections are above. This legacy block remains available for deeper cross-reference without cluttering the primary workflow.

At a Glance

Quick facts and links to official labeling and safety signals.

Data freshness
  • Reference facts: Source Roxee | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:47 PM UTC
    The reference fact projection used for browse cards and quick facts.
  • Animal Drug Product Listing Directory (NDC): Source FDA | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:47 PM UTC
    Package/product NDCs from FDA’s electronic listing directory (XLS).
  • openFDA reaction terms: Source FDA openFDA | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:52 PM UTC
  • openFDA case summaries: Source FDA openFDA | Refreshed Aug 6, 2026, 7:52 PM UTC
Official (FDA)
Identity: Generic ingredient • FDA branded products available
Official FDA brands: AX Pharmaceutical Corp Levetiracetam X
Manufacturer mapping: AX Pharmaceutical Corp
Case-reported brands (openFDA): MSK
Catalog species: Both
NDC: Packages 62157-130-01 62157-400-01 62157-697-01 73377-029-01 73377-029-02 73377-029-03 Products 62157 73377
Safety (openFDA)
Top reactions: Dog 59 Cat 46 View
Case summaries: 18 (showing 8) View
openFDA reports are unverified and do not prove causation.

Diagnosis Codes

Diagnosis-code mappings are not available for this medication yet.

Counseling and Monitoring Highlights

Global Pet owner/Vet mode is controlled in the header. This section avoids duplicate in-page persona tabs.

Owner-facing counseling points
  • Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Contraindication, High)
Top reaction signals
Unsteady walking (ataxia) (1) Loss of appetite (1) Death by euthanasia (1) Death (1) Deafness NOS (1) Corneal ulcer (1) Constipation (1) Confusion (1)

Identifiers & Packages

Normalized identifiers (NDC/NADA/ANADA) and package metadata from regulator listings.

Identifiers
NDC Package: 62157-130-01 NDC Package: 62157-400-01 NDC Package: 62157-697-01 NDC Package: 73377-029-01 NDC Package: 73377-029-02 NDC Package: 73377-029-03 NDC Package: 73377-029-04 NDC Product: 62157 NDC Product: 73377
Package NDC Product NDC Form / Route Status
62157-130-01 62157 -
62157-400-01 62157 -
62157-697-01 62157 -
73377-029-01 73377 -
73377-029-02 73377 -
73377-029-03 73377 -
73377-029-04 73377 -

Enriched Documents

Documents are tiered by source trust: Official, Clinical, Manufacturer, Marketing.

  • Levetiracetam SPL • Structured Product Label • Official
    FDA Structured Product Label from the electronic animal drug product listing directory.
  • X SPL • Structured Product Label • Official
    FDA Structured Product Label from the electronic animal drug product listing directory.
  • X SPL • Structured Product Label • Official
    FDA Structured Product Label from the electronic animal drug product listing directory.
  • AX Pharmaceutical Corp SPL • Structured Product Label • Official
    FDA Structured Product Label from the electronic animal drug product listing directory.

Data Sources & Change Log

Every non-trivial field is expected to include provenance and update timestamps.

Official 4 Clinical 120 Manufacturer 0 Marketing 0
Current Field Facts
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-22)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-22)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-22)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-20)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-19)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-16)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-16)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-13)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-12)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-11)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-11)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-11)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-10)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-07)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-06)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-06)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-03)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-03)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-02)
  • contraindications: Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease. (Clinical, 2026-07-01)
Recent Revisions
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-22 19:08 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-22 19:08 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • usage updated 2026-07-22 19:08 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-22 18:40 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-22 18:40 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • usage updated 2026-07-22 18:40 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-22 08:29 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-22 08:29 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • usage updated 2026-07-22 08:29 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-20 10:05 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-20 10:05 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • usage updated 2026-07-20 10:05 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-19 13:48 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-19 13:48 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • usage updated 2026-07-19 13:48 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-16 16:34 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-16 16:34 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • usage updated 2026-07-16 16:34 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • side_effects updated 2026-07-16 15:43 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields
  • contraindications updated 2026-07-16 15:43 by etl_backfill • Backfilled from existing medication fields

FDA Products & Applications (Animal Drugs @ FDA)

Official sponsor/proprietary-name/application-status records linked by active ingredient.

Product Sponsor Application Status Published

Data source: FDA Animal Drugs @ FDA (public search export).

Usage

Anti-seizure medication used as monotherapy or adjunct therapy.

Contraindications

Dose adjustments may be needed in kidney disease.

Side Effects

Sedation, ataxia; generally well tolerated.

Source: FDA openFDA • Reference

Top Reported Reactions (openFDA)

De-duplicated reaction terms grouped by body system from FDA openFDA reports (not verified; does not prove causation).

Digestive
Loss of appetite (1) • Dog Bloody diarrhoea (1) • Dog

Showing top 5 for Digestive.

Neurologic
Unsteady walking (1) • Cat Circling - neurological disorder (1) • Cat Cerebellar ataxia (1) • Cat

Showing top 5 for Neurologic.

Behavior
Biting -aggression (1) • Dog Behavioral disorder (1) • Dog Aggression (1) • Cat

Showing top 5 for Behavior.

Other
Death by euthanasia (1) • Dog Death (1) • Cat Deafness NOS (1) • Dog Corneal ulcer (1) • Dog Constipation (1) • Cat
Show more (19)
Confusion (1) • Cat Collapse of leg (1) • Dog Bumping into walls (1) • Dog Bradycardia (1) • Cat Blinking (1) • Dog Blindness (1) • Dog Barking (1) • Dog Asphyxia (1) • Dog Arthritis (1) • Cat Apathy (1) • Dog Anuria (1) • Cat Anaemia NOS (1) • Dog Allergy NOS (1) • Dog Adipsia (1) • Cat Acting tense (1) • Cat Abnormal serum protein NOS (1) • Cat Abnormal movement NOS (1) • Cat Abnormal menace reflex test (1) • Cat Abdominal pain (1) • Dog

Showing top 5 for Other.

Data source: FDA openFDA Animal & Veterinary adverse event reports.

Adverse Event Case Summaries (openFDA)

These are individual FDA adverse event reports. They are unverified and do not prove the medication caused the reaction.

Dog, Crossbred Canine/dog, Male, 12.41 year, 3.68 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Oral, Dose: 125 Milligram per animal, Frequency: 8 per hour • Reactions: Deafness NOS, Vocalisation, Behavioral disorder (unspecified), Barking • Outcome: Ongoing

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-013927
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: Yes
  • Sex: Male
  • Age: 12.41 Year
  • Weight: 3.680 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Oral
  • Dose: 125 Milligram per animal
  • Frequency: 8 per hour
Reactions Reported:
Deafness NOS Vocalisation Behavioral disorder (unspecified) Barking
Outcomes: Ongoing

Dog, ['Boxer (German Boxer)', 'Dog (unknown)'], Female, 8 year, 24.494 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Tablet, Oral • Reactions: Seizure NOS, Death • Outcome: Died

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-012878
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: No
  • Sex: Female
  • Age: 8.00 Year
  • Weight: 24.494 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Oral
  • Form: Tablet
Reactions Reported:
Seizure NOS Death
Outcomes: Died

Dog, Bulldog - English, Female, 4 year, 22.68 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Unknown • Reactions: Head tremor, Fly biting behaviour, Lack of efficacy - NOS, Polydipsia, Itching… • Outcome: Outcome Unknown

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-012599
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: No
  • Sex: Female
  • Age: 4.00 Year
  • Weight: 22.680 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Unknown
Reactions Reported:
Head tremor Fly biting behaviour Lack of efficacy - NOS Polydipsia Itching Polyuria Pyoderma Elevated blood urea nitrogen Urinary tract infection Proteinuria Haematuria
Outcomes: Outcome Unknown

Dog, ['Ridgeback - Rhodesian', 'Dog (unknown)'], Female, 11 year, 34.019 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Tablet, Oral, Frequency: 1 per day • Reactions: Hind limb paralysis, Loss of appetite, Increased drinking, Death by euthanasia • Outcome: Euthanized

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-013958
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: No
  • Sex: Female
  • Age: 11.00 Year
  • Weight: 34.019 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Oral
  • Form: Tablet
  • Frequency: 1 per day
Reactions Reported:
Hind limb paralysis Loss of appetite Increased drinking Death by euthanasia
Outcomes: Euthanized

Dog, ['Terrier - Bull - American Pit', 'Rottweiler'], Male, 15.6 year, 31.751 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Unassigned, Unknown • Reactions: Seizure NOS, Unable to walk, Falling, Collapse of leg, Foam in the mouth… • Outcome: Ongoing

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-011839
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: Yes
  • Sex: Male
  • Age: 15.60 Year
  • Weight: 31.751 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Unknown
  • Form: Unassigned
Reactions Reported:
Seizure NOS Unable to walk Falling Collapse of leg Foam in the mouth Stiffness NOS Intentional misuse Obtunded Weakness Dysphoria Loss of vision
Outcomes: Ongoing

Cat, Domestic Shorthair, Female, 4 year, 5.44 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Tablet, Oral, Frequency: 1 per day • Reactions: Tiredness (lethargy), Loss of appetite, Anuria, Adipsia, Seizure NOS… • Outcome: Died

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-009771
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: Yes
  • Sex: Female
  • Age: 4.00 Year
  • Weight: 5.440 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Oral
  • Form: Tablet
  • Frequency: 1 per day
Reactions Reported:
Tiredness (lethargy) Loss of appetite Anuria Adipsia Seizure NOS Death Constipation Staring Head twitching
Outcomes: Died

Dog, Pug, Male, 12 year, 9.2 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Oral, Dose: 1 capsule per animal, Frequency: 8 per hour • Reactions: Lack of response to owner, Malaise, Hearing affected, Ear discharge • Outcome: Recovered/Normal

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-005984
  • Serious AE: No
  • Treated For AE: No
  • Sex: Male
  • Age: 12.00 Year
  • Weight: 9.200 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Oral
  • Dose: 1 capsule per animal
  • Frequency: 8 per hour
Reactions Reported:
Lack of response to owner Malaise Hearing affected Ear discharge
Outcomes: Recovered/Normal

Cat, Domestic Shorthair, Male, 1.33 year, 6.53 kilogram • Drug: MSK, Unknown • Reactions: Ptyalism, Tremors, Seizure NOS, Aggression, Leukocytosis NOS… • Outcome: Outcome Unknown

  • Report ID: USA-USFDACVM-2026-US-008917
  • Serious AE: Yes
  • Treated For AE: Yes
  • Sex: Male
  • Age: 1.33 Year
  • Weight: 6.530 Kilogram
  • Case-reported brand: MSK
  • Case-reported manufacturer: MSK
  • Route: Unknown
Reactions Reported:
Ptyalism Tremors Seizure NOS Aggression Leukocytosis NOS Neutrophilia Eosinopenia Hypernatraemia Elevated cholesterol Eyes rolling back Hyperactivity Elevated haematocrit Disorientation Urinary tract obstruction/blockage Anaemia NOS Other abnormal test result NOS Mydriasis Acting tense Mental confusion Twitching Bradycardia Decreased heart rate Behavioral disorder (unspecified) Haematuria Proteinuria
Outcomes: Outcome Unknown

Data source: FDA openFDA Animal & Veterinary adverse event reports.

Overdose Information

No approved overdose-management text is linked yet. If overdose is suspected, contact a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately.

Storage & Handling

Store at room temperature.

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